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The Last Word
Four hundred years ago in 1607, the Prince of Ulster, Hugh O’Neil
the Great, and Rory O’Donnell, Earl of Tir Connell, set sail from
Ireland to Spain and the Continent. Their exile marked the end of a momentous
clash of civilizations that spanned the second half of the 16th century.
From the mid-1500s to the Battle of Kinsale in 1601, a cataclysmic struggle
was waged between two civilizations. One was the old Gaelic order in Ireland
governed by regional kings and septs (clans) bound by an ancient language,
law, traditions, ancestral consanguinity and an economy based on pastoral
production from open commonage. The other civilization was a burgeoning,
thrusting, centralized monarchy already embarked on world empire building,
with an army of continental proportions and an emerging economy tempered
in the crucible of mercantilist principles.
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